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Development of an alternative maintenance technique for railway ballasted tracks

studies are required to demonstrate the effectiveness of this solution, analysing some issues such
as the expected longevity of rubber particles, possible impact on track drainage, and its real-scale
application using a stoneblower to assess any possible segregation of the stones and rubber particles.
5. References

• Bach, H. (2013) Evaluation of attrition tests for railway ballast. PhD Dissertation, Graz Uni-
versity of Technology, Austria, 2013.

• Claisse, P. A.; Keedwell, M.; Calla, C. (2003) Tests on a two layered ballast system. Proce-
dings of the ICE - Transport, vol. 156, pp. 93-101.

• Dahlberg, T. (2010) Railway Track Stiffness Variations-Consequences and Countermeasures.
International Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 1–12.

• Fair, P. (2003) The geotechnical behaviour of ballast materials for railway maintenance.
University of Sheffield, PhD Dissertation.

• Fontserè, V.; López Pita, A.; Manzo, N.; Ausilio, A. (2016) NEOBALLAST: New high-perfor-
mance and long-lasting ballast for sustainable railway infrastructures. Transportation Re-
search Procedia 14, 1847-1854.
• Hellawell, A. (1997) Stoneblower provides ballast maintenance solution. Railway Gazette
International(September), pp. 595-596.
• Indraratna, B.; Khabbaz, H.; Salim, W.; Christie, D. (2006) Geotechnical properties of ba-
llast and the role of geosynthetics. Journal of Ground Improvement, Vol. 19, pp. 91-102.
• Indraratna, B.; Lackenby, J.; Christie, D. (2005) Effect of confining pressure on the degrada-
tion of ballast under cyclic loading. Geotechnique, Vol. 55, pp. 325–328.
• Indraratna, B.; Salim, W.; Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (2011) Advanced Rail Geotechnology - Ballasted Track.
• Marsal, R.J. (1967) Large scale testing of rockfill materials. Journal of Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering. ASCE, Vol. 93, No. SM2, pp. 27-43.
• Nutbrown, D.; Nicholas, R. (1999) Stoneblower experiences. PWI Autumn Technical Seminar.

• Plica, P. (2007) Sleeper Solicitation/Sleeper design. Work Package number 2b of UIC Project
Under Sleeper Pads.

• Selig, E.T.; Waters, J.M. (1994) Track Geotechnology and Substructure Management, T. Telford.
• Sol-Sánchez, M.; Moreno-Navarro, F.; Rubio-Gámez, M.C. (2014) Viability of using end-of-life tire
pads as under sleeper pads in railway. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 64, pp. 150-156.
• Sol-Sánchez, M.; Pirozzolo, L.; Moreno-Navarro, F.; Rubio-Gámez, M.C. (2016a) A study into
the mechanical performance of different configurations for the railway track section : A
laboratory approach, Eng. Struct. 119, pp. 13–23.

• Sol-Sánchez, M.; Moreno-Navarro, F.; Rubio-Gámez, M.C. (2016b) Analysis of ballast tam-
ping and stone-blowing processes on railway track behaviour: the infuence of using UPS’s,
Geotechnique.
• Tutumluer, E.; Staplin, D.; Trosino, M.; Smak, J.; Tomas, M. (2015) Stone blowing as a re-
medial measure mitigation differential settlement at bridge approaches. Presented at 94th
Annual Meeting of the Transortation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

• UIC (Union International of Railway) (2011) Recommendations for the use of Under Ballast Mats,
UIC Code 719-1.

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