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Watson, Inara. Amer, Ali. Bayyati, Ali.

In order to reduce the amount of raw materials used in the railway industry, manufactures
are continuously working to minimise waste and to increase recycling and energy recovery.
This can be achieved by improving the recyclability of the rolling stock and infrastructure
and by increasing the use of the amount of materials that is being recycled. For instance,
the recoverability of TGV Euroduplex is 97-98% (Andries, 2016).
There has been a growing understanding that the ever-increasing number motor vehicles
will soon reach the environmental and social limit. Climate change, which is believed to
be caused by the rising greenhouse gas emissions, threatens the world stability and life in
general. The increasing global temperature could lead to a damage equivalent to 5-20%
of GDP (Stern, 2006). These issues necessitate urgent and effective worldwide actions to
improve the energy efficiency and to shift transportation from roads to a more sustainable
mode of transport such as railways.

6. References

• Agarwal, G. (2011). High Speed Rail Technology. [online] Academia.edu. Available at:

https://www.academia.edu/6395790/High_Speed_Rail_Technology [Accessed 12 Jul.
2017].

• Andries, V. (2016). The Recyclable Train – By Véronique Andriès, Alstom. [online] Rai-
lway News. Available at:

https://railway-news.com/the-recyclable-train/ [Accessed 12 Jul. 2017].
• Banister, D. (2007). Unsustainable transport. London: Routledge, p.14.

• Briginshaw, D. (2017). New line-up in top 10 rolling stock builders. [online] Railjournal.
com. Available at:

http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/rolling-stock/new-line-up-in-top-10-rolling-
stock-builders.html [Accessed 13 Jul. 2017].

• Cox, P. and Cox, P. (2013). Moving People. London: Zed Books, p.56.

• Dulac, J. (2013). Global Land Transport Infrastructure Requirements. [online] Available at:

https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/TransportInfrastruc-
tureInsights_FINAL_WEB.pdf [Accessed 12 Jul. 2017].

• European Environment Agency. (2016). Land take. [online] Available at:

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ENVISSUENo12/page011.html [Accessed 12
Jul. 2017].

• Hoyle, B. and Knowles, R. (2001). Modern transport geography. Chichester: John Wiley
& Sons, p.105, pp.333-339.

• Garcia, A. (2010). High speed, energy consumption and emissions. [online] Shop-etf.
com. Available at:
http://www.shop-etf.com/en/high-speed-energy-consumption-and-emissions.html
[Accessed 12 Jul. 2017].
• Garlier de Fallectans, T. (2016). Workshops - UIC Sustainable Development Conference

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